Scientific report
The below research article will discuss the role of
thalassemia on fertility of affected individuals. The article will also discusses how the role
of increased iron and iron-induced OS can affect the fertility of females with
Beta-Thalassemia Major.
Title: Beta-Thalassemia
Major and Female Fertility: The Role of Iron and Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress.
Introduction:
Iron overload is a result of multiple blood transfusions and inappropriate increase of iron absorption. The amount of catabolic iron exceeds the iron-carrying capacity of transferrin, thereby causes the emergence of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). NTBI catalyzes the formation of free radicals, thus causes oxidative stress and damage to organelles in cells.
Hemosiderosis is a type of iron overload disorder which causes endocrine complications. Majority of the females with Beta-thalassemia Major (BTM) is infertile because of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Iron deposition and iron-induced oxidative stress occurs in endocrine organs, such as hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the female reproductive system. They also affect the liver and pancreas. BTM patients have intact gonads and fertility is usually retrievable.
Iron overload is a result of multiple blood transfusions and inappropriate increase of iron absorption. The amount of catabolic iron exceeds the iron-carrying capacity of transferrin, thereby causes the emergence of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). NTBI catalyzes the formation of free radicals, thus causes oxidative stress and damage to organelles in cells.
Hemosiderosis is a type of iron overload disorder which causes endocrine complications. Majority of the females with Beta-thalassemia Major (BTM) is infertile because of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Iron deposition and iron-induced oxidative stress occurs in endocrine organs, such as hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the female reproductive system. They also affect the liver and pancreas. BTM patients have intact gonads and fertility is usually retrievable.
Treatments:
Antioxidant supplements such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E are used in BTM children. They help to enhance liver functions. Glutamin, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carmitine, and N-acetylcysteine are also studied as antioxidant supplements for BTM. They are also variably effective in oxidative stress induced male infertility by improving semen parameters and pregnancy rates.
Chelation treatments are also used as antioxidants in BTM. They inhibit the catalytic activity in formation of free radicals and oxidative stress in tissue damage. There is a lower oxidative stress level in patients who had undergone chelation treatments.
Antioxidant supplements such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E are used in BTM children. They help to enhance liver functions. Glutamin, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carmitine, and N-acetylcysteine are also studied as antioxidant supplements for BTM. They are also variably effective in oxidative stress induced male infertility by improving semen parameters and pregnancy rates.
Chelation treatments are also used as antioxidants in BTM. They inhibit the catalytic activity in formation of free radicals and oxidative stress in tissue damage. There is a lower oxidative stress level in patients who had undergone chelation treatments.
Conclusion:
Oxidative Stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of infertility in females with BTM. It is a result of tissue injury due to the overproduction of free radicals by secondary iron overload, alteration in serum trace elements and antioxidant enzymes level.
Antioxidants can improve the pathophysiology of thalassemia. Treatment would reduce oxidative stress in reproductive tract of BTM women.
Many researches are in progress to find out the mechanisms that cause infertility, effective ways to counteract oxidative stress, and evaluate the antioxidant supplementation in BTM females.
Oxidative Stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of infertility in females with BTM. It is a result of tissue injury due to the overproduction of free radicals by secondary iron overload, alteration in serum trace elements and antioxidant enzymes level.
Antioxidants can improve the pathophysiology of thalassemia. Treatment would reduce oxidative stress in reproductive tract of BTM women.
Many researches are in progress to find out the mechanisms that cause infertility, effective ways to counteract oxidative stress, and evaluate the antioxidant supplementation in BTM females.
No comments:
Post a Comment